Fisheries Fisheries Рыбное хозяйство 0131-6184 45368 10.37663/0131-6184-2021-4-89-97 Технология Technology Технология ANALYTICAL CONTROL OF THE TOTAL VOLATILE BASES NITROGEN IN FISH PRODUCTS Аналитический контроль содержания общего азота летучих оснований, как показателя качества рыбной продукции Абрамова Любовь Сергеевна Abramova Liubov Sergeevna abramova@vniro.ru

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 Козин Андрей Валерьевич Kozin Andrey Valerievich kozin82a@gmail.com

кандидат химических наук;

candidate of chemical sciences;

 Гусева Елена Сергеевна Guseva Elena Sergeevna quality@vniro.ru Дерунец Илья Вадимович Derunets Ilya Vadimovich Кочнева Маргарита Васильевна Kochneva Margarita Vasilievna kochneva_mv@rudn.university

кандидат технических наук;

candidate of technical sciences;

 ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии» Москва Россия Russian Federal Research Institute Of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) Moscow Russian Federation Дальневосточный федеральный университет Far Eastern Federal University ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии» Москва Россия Russian Federal Research Institute Of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) Moscow Russian Federation ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии» Россия Russian Federal Research Institute Of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) Russian Federation ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии» Россия Russian Federal Research Institute Of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) Russian Federation Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН) Москва Россия Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Moscow Russian Federation 22 07 2021 22 07 2021 2021 4 89 97 02 07 2021 07 07 2021 https://tsuren.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/45368/view

Проведены сравнительные исследования содержания общего азота летучих оснований (АЛО) в рыбном сырье, как объективного показателя качества, методом прямой дистилляции образца и методом дистилляции кислотного экстракта. Установлено, что метод, основанный на прямой дистилляции образца, приводит к получению на 25-30% более высоких значений, по сравнению с методом дистилляции кислотного экстракта, вследствие щелочного гидролиза белка образца. Сравнение воспроизводимости двух методов с использованием статистического критерия Фишера показало разнородность дисперсий и невозможность их отнесения к единой генеральной совокупности. Для градации качества рыбного сырья рекомендован метод дистилляции кислотного экстракта. Исследованы объекты трех различных категорий, сгруппированных по предложенным трем степеням качества, исходя из предельно допустимых уровней содержания азота летучих оснований. Показана достоверность результатов и сделано заключение об использовании содержания АЛО в качестве показателя, характеризующего как начальное состояние рыбного сырья, так и динамику процесса хранения и установления момента порчи. Разработана и аттестована методика измерений массовой доли общего азота летучих оснований (свидетельство об аттестации № 0168/РОСС RU.0001.310430/2020).

Comparative studies of the content of total nitrogen of volatile bases (ALO) in fish raw materials, as an objective indicator of quality, were carried out by direct distillation of the sample and by distillation of acid extract. It was found that the method based on direct distillation of the sample results in 25-30% higher values than the method of acid extract distillation due to alkaline hydrolysis of the sample protein. A comparison of the reproducibility of the two methods using the Fisher statistical criterion showed the heterogeneity of the variances and the impossibility of attributing them to a single general population. For the gradation of the quality of fish raw materials, the method of distilling acid extract is recommended. The objects of three different categories are studied, grouped according to the proposed three degrees of quality, based on the maximum permissible levels of nitrogen content of volatile bases. The reliability of the results is shown and a conclusion is made about the use of the ALO content as an indicator characterizing both the initial state of fish raw materials and the dynamics of the storage process and the establishment of the moment of spoilage. A method for measuring the mass fraction of total nitrogen of volatile bases has been developed and certified (certificate of certification No. 0168/ROSS RU.0001.310430/2020).

 АЛО дистилляция кислотный экстракт рыбное сырье показатель порчи TVB-N distillation acid extract fish products spoilage index

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